Faculty Research

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Khul : Local Contours of a Global Phenomenon
(Islamic Law and Society, 2019) Sonneveld, Nadia; Stiles, Erin
This special issue of Islamic Law and Society takes a close look at contemporary manifestations of an Islamic divorce procedure known as khul. Studying khul. is not an easy matter, in large part because it is not exactly clear what khul. is. Is khul. consensual or non-consensual, judicial or extrajudicial, fault or no-fault based? Does khul result in talaq (unilateral repudiation by a husband), or is it an entirely different form of divorce? Is khul initiated by wives or by husbands? As we will explain below, the answer to all of these questions is "yes," as khul is all of these things.
Tooth Crown Morphology in Turner and Klinefelter Syndrome Individuals from a Croatian Sample
(Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 2019) Maier, Christopher A.; Dumancic, Jelena; Brkic, Hrvoje; Kaic, Zvonimir; Pavicin, Ivana S.; Poje, Zvonko; Scott, G. Richard
Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) represent the two most common X chromosome aneuploidies, each associated with systemic disruptions to growth and development. Effects of these conditions on tooth crown morphology are explored in a sample of Croatian individuals. Material and Methods: The sample included 57 TS, 37 KS and 88 control individuals. Dental crown morphology was scored on dental casts according to the Turner-Scott Dental Anthropology System. Results: Incisor shoveling and the hypocone were significantly different between TS individuals and both control and KS individuals. Individuals with TS exhibit lower grades of expression than either group. Furthermore, the number of lingual cusps on the mandibular premolars, the hypoconulid on the mandibular second molar, and cusp 7 on the mandibular first molar were significantly different, though pair-wise comparisons did not elucidate these differences. Tuberculum dentale, distal accessory ridge, and Carabelli's trait were expressed similarly to the control. KS individuals were not significantly different from control individuals for any trait, though this may be related to sample size. Conclusions: Previous studies suggest the loss of an X chromosome has a reducing effect on dental crown morphology, which is confirmed in this research. TS individuals exhibit generally simpler dental morphology compared to the control sample, though some traits are expressed comparably to the control sample. The effects of KS are less clear. Though previous studies suggest that the presence of an extra X chromosome increases dental crown dimensions, there was no notable effect on crown morphology in this study.
Incorporating Archaeological Resources in Landscape-Level Planning and Management
(Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2016) Doelle, William H.; Barker, Pat; Cushman, David; Heilen, Michael; Herhahn, Cynthia; Rieth, Christina
The increasing importance of landscape-scale research and preservation goals within the archaeological profession coincides with expanded threats to the archaeological record through massive energy exploration and infrastructure projects and through the cumulative effects of smaller-scale development. It is further stimulated by the recognition that conservation strategies that span multiple resource classes and disciplines are best formulated at multiple and larger spatial scales. These are key drivers behind efforts to improve the ways that archaeological resources are considered in the context of development-related planning and implementation, including mitigation measures. In a prominent example, recent department-level direction from the Secretary of the Interior calls specifically for landscape-level planning as a critical component of responses to both large-scale development and climate change. This article reviews three current approaches to landscape-level planning in archaeology and calls for increased commitment to advancing their development and effectiveness.
Reconceptualising Water Quality Governance to Incorporate Knowledge and Values: Case studies from Australian and Brazilian Indigenous Communities
(2018) Berry, Kate A.; Jackson, Sue; Saito, Laurel; Forline, Louis
This paper examines the significance of knowledge and values for water quality and its governance. Modernist approaches to the governance of water quality in rivers and lakes need to be reconceptualised and overhauled. The problems include: perceiving water only as a physical and chemical liquid, defining quality in narrow terms, rendering water knowledge as invisible, boiling down water values to uses of presumed economic importance and limiting how and by whom objectives are set or actions taken. In addressing the need to reframe water quality governance, and as a counter to the objectification of water quality, we propose a framework that explicitly recognises the significance of knowledge and values relating to water. While our framework could apply to other contexts under the influence of modernist water-management regimes, here we pay particular attention to the relevance of the water knowledge, values and governance of water quality by Indigenous people. In the second half of the paper we address issues related to Indigenous water-quality governance in two countries, Brazil and Australia, showing some of the ways in which, despite enormous obstacles, Indigenous communities re-work governance structures through their engagements with water quality and pay attention to water knowledge and values.
Strategies for C-14 Dating the Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings, Guerrero, Mexicofor C-14 Dating the Oxtotitlan Cave Paintings, Guerrero, Mexico
(Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2017) Russ, Jon; Pohl, Mary D.; von Nagy, Christopher L.; Steelman, Karen L.; Hurst, Heather; Ashby, Leonard; Schmidt, Paul; Gutierrez, Eliseo F. P.; Rowe, Marvin W.
Oxtotitlan Cave paintings have been considered among the earliest in Mesoamerica on stylistic grounds, but confirmation of this hypothesis through absolute dating has not been attempted until now. We describe the application of advanced radiocarbon strategies developed for situations such as caves with high carbon backgrounds. Using a low- temperature plasma oxidation system, we dated both the ancient paint and the biogenic rock coatings that cover the paint layers at Oxtotitlan. Our research has significantly expanded the time frame for the production of polychrome rock paintings encompassing the Early Formative and Late Formative/Early Classic periods, statistically spanning a long era from before ca. 1500 cal B. C. to cal A.D. 600.

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