Continental rupture and the creation of new crust in the Salton Trough rift, Southern California and northern Mexico: Results from the Salton Seismic Imaging Project
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Authors
Han, Liang
Hole, John A.
Stock, Joann M.
Fuis, Gary S.
Kell, Annie M.
Driscoll, Neal W.
Kent, Graham M.
Harding, Alistair J.
Rymer, Michael J.
Gonzalez-Fernandez, Antonio
Issue Date
2016
Type
Article
Language
Keywords
magmatism , sea , san-andreas fault , altar basin , america plate motion , colorado river delta , gulf-of-california , imperial-valley region , travel-time , velocity model
Alternative Title
Abstract
A refraction and wide-angle reflection seismic profile along the axis of the Salton Trough, California and Mexico, was analyzed to constrain crustal and upper mantle seismic velocity structure during active continental rifting. From the northern Salton Sea to the southern Imperial Valley, the crust is 17-18 km thick and approximately one-dimensional. The transition at depth from Colorado River sediment to underlying crystalline rock is gradual and is not a depositional surface. The crystalline rock from similar to 3 to similar to 8 km depth is interpreted as sediment metamorphosed by high heat flow. Deeper felsic crystalline rock could be stretched preexisting crust or higher-grade metamorphosed sediment. The lower crust below similar to 12 km depth is interpreted to be gabbro emplaced by rift-related magmatic intrusion by underplating. Low upper mantle velocity indicates high temperature and partial melting. Under the Coachella Valley, sediment thins to the north and the underlying crystalline rock is interpreted as granitic basement. Mafic rock does not exist at 12-18 km depth as it does to the south, and a weak reflection suggests Moho at similar to 28 km depth. Structure in adjacent Mexico has slower midcrustal velocity, and rocks with mantle velocity must be much deeper than in the Imperial Valley. Slower velocity and thicker crust in the Coachella and Mexicali valleys define the rift zone between them to be >100 km wide in the direction of plate motion. North American lithosphere in the central Salton Trough has been rifted apart and is being replaced by new crust created by magmatism, sedimentation, and metamorphism.
Description
Citation
Han, L., Hole, J. A., Stock, J. M., Fuis, G. S., Kell, A., Driscoll, N. W., … Lázaro-Mancilla, O. (2016). Continental rupture and the creation of new crust in the Salton Trough rift, Southern California and northern Mexico: Results from the Salton Seismic Imaging Project. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(10), 7469�"7489. doi:10.1002/2016jb013139
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In Copyright (All Rights Reserved)
Journal
Volume
Issue
PubMed ID
ISSN
2169-9313