Noble Metal-Based Nanocomposites and Their Bioapplications
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Authors
Kafil, Vala
Issue Date
2025
Type
Dissertation
Language
en_US
Keywords
Alternative Title
Abstract
The development of noble metal-based nanomaterials has significantly advanced both gas sensing and biosensing technologies, offering highly sensitive, selective, and rapid detection capabilities. This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of palladium-halloysite nanotube (Pd-HNT) composites for hydrogen (H2) gas sensing and carbon nitride-platinum (CN-Pt) nanozymes for immunoassay-based disease diagnostics. The Pd-HNT sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and selectivity toward hydrogen detection, with rapid response and recovery times, attributed to the enhanced dispersion and surface reactivity of Pd nanoparticles on halloysite nanotubes. Its high stability and reproducibility make it a strong candidate for industrial and safety monitoring applications. Simultaneously, the CN-Pt nanozyme-based immunoassay leverages the superior catalytic activity of platinum-modified carbon nitride, mimicking peroxidase enzymes for colorimetric disease biomarker detection. The bioconjugation of CN-Pt nanozymes with specific antibodies enables highly sensitive and selective detection, surpassing traditional enzyme-based assays in terms of sensitivity and efficiency. Optimizing key experimental parameters, such as nanozyme loading, pH, temperature, and substrate concentrations, enhances assay performance and reproducibility. The findings highlight the versatility and effectiveness of noble metal-based nanomaterials in next-generation sensing and diagnostic technologies. The advancements in this study pave the way for high-performance nanomaterial-based sensors and diagnostics, with significant implications for environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and healthcare applications.