Investigating the Role of Polyvinylidene Fluoride and the Effect of Microwave Treatment on Surface Properties of Graphite and Floatability from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Authors
Shafique, Shamanta
Issue Date
2025
Type
Thesis
Language
en_US
Keywords
Alternative Title
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the surface properties of minerals is crucial for identifying interfacial reactions and developing more efficient technologies for their recovery. This research investigates the impact of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and microwave treatment on the surface properties of graphite and its floatability from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The study systematically examines graphite's surface characteristics in the presence and absence of PVDF, as well as before and after microwave treatment, using a suite of advanced characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface roughness analysis. The wetting behavior of graphite was evaluated using sessile drop contact angle measurements, and surface energy components—polar and non-polar—were quantified using the Van Oss−Chaudhury−Good and Owens−Wendt−Rabel−Kaelble models. The study further explores the effects of PVDF and microwave treatment on the surface energy components, focusing on shifts in non-polar forces and polar interactions, including acid-base electron donor and acceptor contributions. The findings reveal significant modifications in the surface properties and hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of graphite and black mass due to PVDF and microwave treatment, resulting in substantial changes in flotation behavior. Microwave treatment was found to enhance graphite’s surface characteristics and flotation efficiency. The insights derived from this study offer promising implications for optimizing graphite recovery from spent LIBs and developing advanced separation techniques through tailored surface property modifications.