The Interaction between Viral and Environmental Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
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Authors
Tarlinton, Rachael E.
Khaibullin, Timur I.
Granatov, Evgenii V.
Martynova, Ekaterina V.
Rizvanov, Albert
Khaiboullina, Svetlana F.
Issue Date
2019
Type
Article
Language
Keywords
cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) , multiple sclerosis , central nervous system (CNS) , Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) , HERV
Alternative Title
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory disease of unknown ethology targeting the central nervous system (CNS). MS has a polysymptomatic onset and is usually first diagnosed between the ages of 20-40 years. The pathology of the disease is characterized by immune mediated demyelination in the CNS. Although there is no clinical finding unique to MS, characteristic symptoms include sensory symptoms visual and motor impairment. No definitive trigger for the development of MS has been identified but large-scale population studies have described several epidemiological risk factors for the disease. This list is a confusing one including latitude, vitamin D (vitD) levels, genetics, infection with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and endogenous retrovirus (ERV) reactivation. This review will look at the evidence for each of these and the potential links between these disparate risk factors and the known molecular disease pathogenesis to describe potential hypotheses for the triggering of MS pathology.
Description
Citation
Tarlinton, R., Khaibullin, T., Granatov, E., Martynova, E., Rizvanov, A., & Khaiboullina, S. (2019). The Interaction between Viral and Environmental Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(2), 303. doi:10.3390/ijms20020303
Publisher
Journal
Volume
Issue
PubMed ID
ISSN
1422-0067